Diagnóstico de lesiones por Virus del Papiloma Humano en cavidad oral.

Abstract

Introduction: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is currently considered the most common sexually transmitted disease. It has a predominant role in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Objective: To describe the diagnosis of human papillomavirus lesions in the oral cavity. Materials and methods: Retrospective and cross-sectional study with a descriptive design, with a universe of 775 and a sample of 30 scientific articles that were exhaustively reviewed to achieve the objective. Results: According to the literature, the main oral HPV lesions that can appear are: squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris, condyloma acuminata, multifocal epithelial hyperplasia, leukoplakia, and squamous cell carcinoma. The most widely used sample collection according to the literature is tissue biopsy and its analysis can be done by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. Genotypes 2, 4, 11, 13 and 32 are the most frequent and cause benign lesions. High-risk HPV16, HPV18, HPV56 AND HPV58 have been isolated from potentially malignant lesions. Conclusions: The role of dentists is of the utmost importance in the early diagnosis of pathologies such as HPV, for which we must be highly trained and know the established protocols, especially in the event that these lesions have malignant potential.