Análisis del impacto en el aumento de los costos de los fletes marítimos, dentro de las cadenas de suministros, manejados por los exportadores del Cantón Guayaquil.

Abstract

This paper seeks to present an analysis of how rising ocean freight costs affect supply chains for exporters in Guayaquil in order to provide possible solutions. The pandemic disease has contributed to imbalances around the world that have adversely affected the increase in ocean freight costs. Growing demand for consumer durables from Asia and supply-side "bottlenecks" created by sanitary constraints at ports and terminals have contributed to historically high shipping rates and delayed deliveries, causing supply to reach historic lows in early 2021. Containerized freight costs began to rise in the second half of 2020, and increased further in 2021 on numerous trade lanes, tripling compared to 2020 records. According to the Universal Container Freight Index, from December 2020, a steady rise in the price of shipping a 40-foot equivalent unit container began to be recorded (Bernal N. G., 2022). Different topics were investigated, such as, the main consequences that were generated, the reasons that cause it, types of containers, everything about maritime transportation, a compilation of 40 companies was made to conduct a survey and thus have greater veracity in our analysis.