Factores de riesgo que causan lesiones orales en pacientes fumadores.

Abstract

Introduction: For some time now, studies have been carried out that determine that tobacco modifies the balance that exists in oral microbiology and causes an increase in bacteria, making it clear that tobacco causes lesions in the cells of the oral mucosa, thus producing the lesions. Objective: to identify the risk factors that affect the development of oral lesions in the population of smokers. Materials and Methods: this is a study with a qualitative, explanatory, non-experimental, cross-sectional, retrospective approach and descriptive statistics of the bibliographic review type of the PubMed, Google Scholar and UCSG repository databases. Results: 35 articles were included for this review. Conclusion: Tobacco contains harmful substances that produce benign, premalignant and malignant oral lesions, as well as respiratory and pulmonary lesions that lead to the development of cancer. It is important to know what the types of tobacco consumption are in relation to the oral lesions it produces, since some people may believe that consuming in one way or another, different from the conventional one, will not produce consequences. Benign tobacco-induced oral lesions include periodontitis, candidiasis, ulceration, abscess, and smoker's palate, while premalignant and malignant lesions include leukoplakia, fibrosis, lichen planus, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and verrucous carcinoma. Finally, the prevention of these oral lesions is based on quitting smoking and maintaining adequate hygiene practices; while treatment consists of general measures, active interventional approaches, and limited medical approaches.