Cambios gingivales asociados al consumo de anticonceptivos orales. Revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Introduction: It has been found that women who use oral contraceptives have a greater tendency to suffer from gingival changes. Objective: To determine the gingival changes associated with the consumption of oral contraceptives. Materials and methods: In this research, a search for articles was carried out through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Web of Science (WOS) and Google Scholar, it is a research with a qualitative approach, documentary, cross-sectional, retrospective; Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 37 articles were included. Analysis and discussion of results: The prolonged time and dose of these drugs induce chronic inflammation in the periodontium that in the long run can cause gingivitis in users with higher risk, it is also important to carry out diagnostic tests and know the characteristics of the disease in order to detect and prevent it. Conclusion: The longer the patient uses this method of care, the more she is prone to developing periodontal diseases. The clinical characteristics are: biofilm, bleeding and gingival enlargement. Among the diagnostic tests, the following are emphasized: taking a clinical history, periodontal probing, radiographs and laboratory tests. The mechanism of action of hormones on periodontal tissue is to alter its inflammatory response. Side effects are: headache, nausea, upset stomach, and can lead to more severe effects such as thrombotic and heart disease.