Factores asociados a sepsis en pacientes con ventilación mecánica invasiva en pacientes de 50-80 años de edad ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo.

Abstract

Sepsis is a syndrome with a high mortality rate, associated with both physiological and pathological abnormalities caused by an irregular host response to infections, patients with invasive mechanical ventilation are more susceptible to being colonized by microorganisms from the intensive care unit. Objective: To identify the factors associated with sepsis in patients with invasive mechanical ventilation in the 50-80 years admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital. Methodology: Retrospective, descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study. A detailed review of the medical records of the "Teodoro Maldonado Carbo" Hospital was carried out to obtain an accurate database. Results: From a sample of 195 patients, 54.9% belong to the elderlies (>65 years). The most frequent infectious agent in this sample was Enterobacter, affecting 21%. A low connection was found in patients who used a central venous catheter and the development of pulmonary (Rho=-0.352, p<0.01) and digestive (Rho= -0.242, p<0.01) infectious foci. Arterial hypertension showed a low positive relationship in septic patients with a pulmonary focus (Rho=0.1869; p<0.01). A slight direct relationship was found between the time of mechanical ventilation and the appearance of a pulmonary infectious focus (R=0.143, p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit have a high predisposition to be colonized by different microorganisms that can produce sepsis, consequently, to patient decompensation and even death. On the other hand, the study shows that pre-existing pathologies, such as arterial hypertension, can increase the host's susceptibility to contracting an infectious focus. Despite a slight coincidence between the time of invasive mechanical ventilation and the development of an infectious focus; It would be advisable to repeat the study with an expansion of the sample.