Factores de riesgo asociados a metástasis en cáncer de próstata en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el año 2019.

Abstract

Introduction: Prostate cancer occupies the second diagnosed cancer in men around the world, with a higher incidence in men of 66 years, predominantly on black people. It is usually asymptomatic, symptoms more related to non-malignant conditions may occur: incontinence, hematuria, dysuria, frequency. In addition, risk factors such as early detection through diagnostic methodology by PSA measurement, assessment of the Gleason scale, prostate ultrasound, and broader diagnostic tests. Obesity, tobacco, alcoholism and a family history of prostate cancer have been found to be closely associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer metastasis. Objectives: To establish the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of patients with prostate cancer at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, to analyze the habits and prognosis of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital To establish the association between the risk factors presented and the risk of metastases in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in 2019. Methodology: Observational, retrospective, transversal, Analytical. The population is made up of 363 patients with criteria for the diagnosis of metastatic and non-metastatic prostate cancer treated in the Urology service of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the year 2019. Results: Of the 363 patients diagnosed with Prostate Cancer who were studied, metastatic dissemination at the bone level is found more frequently with 118 patients and with the risk of metastasis with 32.5%. The most frequent clinic found is accompanied by dysuria, frequency, and hematuria present in diagnosed patients. Family history of prostate cancer was found to be associated with a percentage of 58.6% to the risk of metastasis. Gleason values greater than 9-10 demonstrate a 100% risk of metastasis in prostate cancer. PSA greater than 500 is found to be at high risk of metastasis in diagnostic patients. Conclusion: The study population of 363 patients with prostate cancer was found to be more frequent in patients with an average age of 75 years, with a risk of metastasis at later ages. Alcoholism and smoking obtained a high percentage and a close association with the risk of metastasis, as well as the presence of a family history of PSA. High values of Gleason and PSA present a higher risk of metastasis.