Anemia gestacional como factor de riesgo de shock hipovolémico en mujeres de 20 a 45 años con hemorragia postparto que acuden al servicio de ginecología del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS los Ceibos durante el año 2020 al 2021.

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational anemia is the condition in which there is a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, which is less than 11g/dl with a hematocrit less than 33% during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. And during the second trimester it is less than 10.5 g/dl with a hematocrit less than 32%. Because postpartum hemorrhageis one of the main causes of maternal death and anemia is a risk factor for hypovolemicshock in patients with obstetric hemorrhage, it is important to know its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Objective: To associate gestational anemia as a risk factor for hypovolemic shock in women aged 20 to 45 years with postpartumhemorrhage who attend the Gynecology service of the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos during the year 2020 to 2021. Methodology: A relational,observational, cross-sectional and retrospective investigation was carried out in the areas of outpatient consultation, obstetric center and hospitalization of the Gynecologyservice at the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos, during the periodfrom January 1, 2020 to 31 of August 2021.Result: Of the 170 patients with gestational anemia, 73 presented postpartum hemorrhage (42.94%) and of this group,only 23 (31.50%) subsequently developed hypovolemic shock. The most frequent agerange is between 27 and 34 years old, which is equivalent to 42.47%. Among the 23 patients who had gestational anemia and later developed postpartum hemorrhage andhypovolemic shock, moderate anemia prevailed in the pre-partum stage with 14 patients (60.86%), followed by severe anemia with 9 patients (39.13%). . It was determined that uterine atony was the most frequent etiology of postpartum hemorrhage with patients, representing 50.68%. Conclusion: Existe una correlación del 0,6 % entre la hemoglobina preparto y postparto con la presencia de shock hipovolémico. En conclusión, la anemia gestacional si es un factor de riesgo de shockhipovolémico en mujeres con HPP, por lo cual se debe llevar un control de la hemoglobina durante el embarazo y después del parto