Prevalencia de rotura de ligamentos cruzados en pacientes de 15 a 45 años de edad en el periodo 2019-2022, Hospital Alcívar.

Abstract

Ligamentous injuries of the knee are frequent pathologies, especially in athletes. The anterior cruciate ligament rupture corresponds to 64%, while the posterior cruciate ligament injury has an incidence of 3-44%. This represents a health problem since it is one of the main reasons for consultation in the emergency services due to joint instability. Objective: Determine the prevalence of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament rupture by physical examination and imaging in patients aged 15 to 45 years treated at Hospital Alcívar. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study of the Traumatology service during the period 2019-2022. Results: The prevalence of cruciate ligament injuries was 55.13%, mainly affecting males with an average age of 32.2 years. 92.15% of the population presented associated injuries, especially at the level of the external meniscus (35.10%). The most used surgical technique was the Endobottom technique with autologous tendon graft from the goose foot (59.80%), followed by the BoneTendon-Bone technique (15.69%). Conclusions: The rupture of the cruciate ligaments condition immediate disability with a long recovery period. The surgical method is the treatment of choice, leaving conservative treatments for patients with multiple comorbidities or with low functional demand. Currently, the Endobottom and Bone-Tendon-Bone techniques with goose foot and patellar tendon grafting have shown good functional results in the short, medium and long term.