Factores de riesgo para desarrollo de gravedad en pacientes con diagnóstico de Dengue ingresados en el Hospital Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde, en el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2017 y diciembre del 2021.

Abstract

The risk factors associated with severe dengue are varied. In Ecuador there are few studies that describe the risk factors for severe dengue in pediatrics. Methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study was performed in patients with a diagnosis of dengue from 1 month to 17 years 11 months of age seen at the Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. Results: A total of 205 hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of dengue fever who met the inclusion criteria were reviewed; of these, 69 had a diagnosis of severe dengue fever, 33.6% of the study population. The most frequent age group was school children, 46.4%, and the average age was 8.5 years. Regarding nutritional status, 51.5% (n=34) of the severe patients were underweight and 15.2% (n=10) were overweight. In the laboratory findings of patients with severe dengue, 59.4% (n=41) had leukopenia; hemoconcentration (29%). Of the patients, 91.3% had polyserositis and 92.8% had elevated transaminases, 24.6% (n=17) in the range of liver failure. Mortality was 2.9%. Conclusions: A small percentage of patients admitted with dengue with alarm signs progress to severe dengue. An important percentage of severe dengue was observed in patients diagnosed as underweight. School children was the most affected age group. The main complications presented by patients with severe dengue were: respiratory failure, shock, liver failure, severe bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulation, renal failure and polyserositis.