Prevalencia de las secuelas neurológicas en pacientes con Espina Bífida en Hospital Roberto Gilbert Elizalde desde el año 2015-2020.

Abstract

Background: Spina bifida consists of a defect in the closure of the neural tube, occurs between days 24 and 27 after the start of conception. There are three types of spina bifida: meningocele, lipomeningocele and myelomeningocele. This injury produces neurological sequelae that affect the quality of life of patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of neurological sequelae in patients treated in the Neonatology area with a diagnosis of spina bifida at the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Children's Hospital in the period from January 2015 to December 2020. Results: 134 patients entered the study, 98 (73.1%) presented hydrocephalus, being the sequel with the highest prevalence, in 84 (62.1%%) Arnold Chiari Malformation Type II was diagnosed, 97 (72%) presented neurogenic bladder, 67 patients (50 %) presented tethered cord, 30 patients (22.3%) with lower limb paresis and 19 (14.1%) presented lower limb paralysis. Conclusions: The most frequent neurological sequelae in patients with spina bifida were: hydrocephalus, neurogenic bladder, Arnold Chiari malformation type II, the same ones that affect the quality of life of patients.