Complicaciones neurológicas en pacientes con hiponatremia en el Hospital General del Guasmo Sur en el período 2020-2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Hyponatremia is a hydroelectrolytic alteration caused by serum sodium concentrations less than 135 mmol/L. Which leads to a varied clinical symptomatology, from mild to severe, even causing neurological complications and/or death, associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality and hospital stay. Objective: To describe neurological complications in patients with hyponatremia at the General Hospital of Guasmo Sur in the period 2020 - 2022. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective observational, descriptive study. It will study patients with hyponatremia who have debuted with neurological complications during their stay at Guasmo Sur General Hospital in the period of 2020 - 2022. Summary and dispersion measurements will be made for the analysis of quantitative variables, such as mean, median and fashion, as well as variance and standard deviation. For qualitative or non-numeric variables, they shall be done frequently and as a percentage. Results: In the sample of 99 patients studied, it was found that the neurological sequelae they presented were hemorrhage (n=99.22.0%), seizures (n=99, 53.5%), aphasia (n=99.45, 5%), paralysis (n=99;22.2%), cognitive deterioration (n=99.75.8%), coma (n=99.4%) and finally death (n=99.13.1 %), thus the most common neurological complication in these patients was cognitive impairment. Regarding electrolyte levels, it was determined that the lower the value, the greater the number of hospital stays. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus debuts with more cases of cognitive impairment, which is the most frequent neurological complication found in our study. Conclusions: The most common manifestation of this hydroelectrolytic disorder is altered mental status. Even as this disorder progresses, it can produce cerebral edema complicating with cerebrovascular accidents, affecting mainly women and patients over 65 years of age.