Preeclampsia de inicio temprano asociada a restricción en el crecimiento intrauterino en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo entre junio 2017 a mayo 2022.

Abstract

Background: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common pregnancy condition worldwide causing neonatal morbidity and mortality (1). In Ecuador, disorders related to short gestational duration and low birth weight ranked seventh among the top ten causes of morbidity in children under one year of age in 2011. (2) Currently, preeclampsia is still considered the most strongly associated risk factor for FGR, with early-onset preeclampsia being most linked to this condition. Objective: Describe the relationship between early-onset preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective observational study was conducted, which includes patients diagnosed with severe preeclampsia (ICD-10 O141) and unspecified fetal growth restriction (ICD-10 P059) who were treated at Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo since June 2017 to May 2022. Descriptive statistical tests were performed. Results: The prevalence of early-onset preeclampsia related to intrauterine growth restriction was 33.96%. The average maternal age was 29 years. The most common age range was 20-34 years. The most predominant gender of neonates was female, with 57.55%. The most associated risk factor for the development of early-onset preeclampsia was an intergenetic period of >10 years. The year with the highest prevalence of cases related to both pathologies was 2019, with 87.5%.Conclusion: Based on the study, it was found that in over a quarter of the population (33.96%), there was a relationship between both pathologies. The differences in the resistance and pulsatility indices of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) were not marked. Maternal risk factors such as advanced age, an intergenetic period of more than 10 years, or first pregnancy were associated with cases of neonates with IUGR.