Prevalencia del síndrome de abstinencia neonatal por consumo de opiáceos en neonatos hospitalizados en el Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante durante abril del 2019 a mayo del 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to opioid use results from habitual consumption, even during pregnancy, of psychotropic substances and/or prescribed medications for pain. The onset and duration of the NAS are correlated to the type and dose of drug; the fetus has adapted to them since its intrauterine life. In labor and preterm newborn birth, mild and severe forms of NAS can manifest, with the severity increasing due to the use of analgesia or anesthesia during labor. The prevalence of opioid use in women during pregnancy It is a subject that has a lack of information and is underreported since it is difficult to obtain information due to the lack of collaboration. Objective: To determine the prevalence of neonatal abstinence syndrome due to opioid use by analyzing the database of newborns treated at the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, non-experimental investigation was carried out in a cross-sectional, retrospective, quantitative, qualitative, analytical, and descriptive cohort in the Neonatal Intensive Care area of the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital during the period from April 2019 to May 2022. Results: Of the 447 patients, a sample of 338 clinical histories was taken, of which 112 patients with main NAS conditions (25.06%) were considered. Of which it was determined that there is a percentage prevalence of 29.17%, the most used drugs during pregnancy were heroin (29%) and H (46%) and opiates (9%); Regarding the relationship between birth and the presence of symptoms of NAS, 21% occurred in 1 hour, 68% after 1 day, and mortality was 1%. Conclusion: In the Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital from April 2019 to May 2022, the prevalence was moderate. This is because it is not a maternity hospital; cases are referred, so there is no information and underreporting; even those who go to the medical unit do not indicate the data correctly due to fear. It is necessary to raise awareness among the population about the non-use of psychotropic substances and/or prescribed medications for pain during the gestation period.