Complicaciones de hemofilia tipo A en la población pediátrica del Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante durante el periodo 2017 – 2022.

Abstract

Background: Hemophilia A presents systemic hemorrhagic manifestations; being hemophilic arthropathy the most important complication. In our country, updated information on this subject has not been described, therefore we aim to analyze the complications of Hemophilia A in pediatric patients. Methods: This study is observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical. Data were obtained from HFIB medical records. The entire population was studied for a period of 5 years. Statistical calculations were performed in SPSSv24. Results: A total of 99 patients were included, 97 (98%) men and 2 (2%) women. The mean age was 9.79 ± 3.81 years. Of these, 27 (27.3%) live in rural areas and 72 (72.7%) in urban areas. Only 68 (68.7%) reported having relatives with hemophilia. We determined 41 (41.4%) children with severe disease, 14 (14.1%) with moderate disease, and 44 (44.5%) with mild disease. The most frequent acute complications were skin hematoma in 91 (91.9%) children, mucosal bleeding in 73 (73.7%), and intra-articular hemorrhage in 47 (47.5%). The most frequent chronic complications were arthropathy in 22 (22.2%), and inhibitors in 12 (12.1%) patients. The main treatments were dose-demand with 59 (59.6%) patients and secondary prophylaxis with 32 (32.3%) patients. Finally, complications such as hematuria, intracerebral and intra-articular hemorrhage, arthropathy, and inhibitors were associated with treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hemophilia A has a significant degree of complications that affect the quality of life of children in Ecuador, hence the relevance of implementing an early diagnosis and adequate treatment for its prevention.