Prevalencia de fascitis necrotizante en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur durante el año 2019-2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious and life-threatening infection that affects the deep soft tissues of the body, such as muscles, fat, and fascia. Diagnosis is often difficult, as the initial symptoms may be similar to those of other conditions, such as a skin infection or an infected wound; however, the definitive diagnosis is made through a combination of clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, and tissue biopsy. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Necrotizing Fasciitis in patients treated at the General Hospital Guasmo Sur 2019-2022. Methodology: The research was descriptive, observational, retrospective and quantitative; The population consisted of 115 cases of patients with a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis, whose information was obtained from the medical records. Results: Most of the patients belonged to the male sex (84.3%) and the age range of 41 to 60 years (38.3%). The predominant comorbidities involved diabetes mellitus (65.2%) and hypertension (22.6%); while the relevant complications alluded to soft tissue gangrene (20.9%) and perianal abscess (10.4%). It was also observed that only 2.6% of patients died, generating a mortality rate of 26.09%. On the other hand, the prevalence of this condition was 0.178 per 100 people; the most common risk factors associated with this disease were alcoholism (13%) and being homeless (13%). On the other hand, pain in the genital area (43.5%) and ulceration (22.6%) represented the main clinical manifestations of necrotizing fasciitis, causing 33% to maintain a hospital stay of more than 41 days. Conclusion: It was identified that the prevalence of necrotizing fasciitis in patients treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital during the period from 2019 to 2022 is significantly high compared to the prevalence of previous years.