Complicaciones neonatales en trastornos del crecimiento intrauterino en el Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos de marzo de 2017 a febrero de 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) has been defined as infant that does not reach the threshold of 2500 gr. Two major diseases with different causes and treatment regimens contribute to its appearance: birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation (preterm) and inatrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) or a combination of both. Objective: To determine the prevalence of early neonatal complications of intrauterine growth disorders in patients at the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos from March 2017 to February 2022. Materials and methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical investigation was carried out in a total of 188 newborns between 0 and 28 days old during the period from March 2017 to February 2022 under the ICD P050, P051, P052, P059, P200, P209, P002, Z380, Z383 diagnosis. Results: The present investigation based on the "Neonatal complications in intrauterine growth disorders at the General Hospital of the North of Guayaquil Los Ceibos from March 2017 to February 2022", it was possible to determine that in the vast majority of the studied population of 188 patients the The most frequently used diagnoses were small for gestational age (p051) and low weight for gestational age (p050), which continued with intrauterine growth retardation (p059), encompassing around 86% of the population between these three diagnoses. studied. In this population group it was obtained that the male gender was predominant with 57% and 43% female gender, from this population group it was possible to determine how many of these neonates presented some complication before reaching 30 days of age where it was obtained that only 45% of the studied group presented some complication and the most frequent complication was nutritional anemia with 6% followed by vomiting in the newborn with 3%, urinary tract infection with 3% and respiratory distress in the newborn with percentage similar to the previous one. Regarding the risk factors that could lead to intrauterine growth disorders, it was found that the majority of pregnant women did not present any risk factor for developing these anomalies during pregnancy, represented by 67%, but as for the patients that if they presented risk factors, the presence of urinary tract infections during pregnancy represents 7%, arterial hypertension with 4%, development of hypertension during pregnancy with 4%, inadequate weight gain and short intergenic period with the same percentage as the two previous variables. Conclusions: Having already obtained and analyzed the results of the study on "Neonatal complications in intrauterine growth disorders at the General Hospital of the North of Guayaquil Los Ceibos from March 2017 to February 2022" we can conclude that: Of the population group studied, the male gender was more prevalent with 57% of the patients diagnosed with intrauterine growth disorders. Most of the patients did not present any complication until 28 days of life, represented by 55% of the population studied. In the patients who did present a complication, which were 45%, the complication most frequently is nutritional anemia, it is 6% of the population studied, followed by respiratory distress in the newborn, urinary tract infections and vomiting in the newborn with the 3% each respectively and this is not related to what is reported in the bibliography where they indicate that necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis are frequent complications in patients with intrauterine growth disorders that presented a low frequency in the study group.