Prevalencia de retinopatía diabética en pacientes diagnosticados con diabetes mellitus tipo ll en el Hospital Básico IESS Durán, durante el periodo de enero 2022 a enero 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus that can lead to blindness if not treated properly. It occurs due to damage to the blood vessels that supply the retina and is classified into two types: non-proliferative and proliferative. Methodology: This is a prevalence study that follows an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive design. It will be carried out with patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were treated at the Basic IESS Durán Hospital during the period from January 2022 to January 2023. Results: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the studied population was 15.77% (n=41), with 48.78% (n=20) female patients and 51.22% (n=21) male patients. High blood pressure (HBP) was the most common risk factor, present in 30 patients (73.17%). Additionally, 14 patients (34.15%) were obese and 7 (17.07%) had a history of smoking. The average glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values in patients with DR were 9.11%. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Basic IESS Durán Hospital was 15.77%. Risk factors associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy included high blood pressure, obesity, and smoking. Most patients with diabetic retinopathy had suboptimal glycemic control.