Prevalencia de tuberculosis en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos durante el período 2020-2022.

Abstract

Tuberculosis, whether in its pulmonary or extrapulmonary form, is classified as one of the most important Public Health problems in Ecuador today. Likewise, Chronic Renal Insufficiency is positioned as one of the most frequent and expensive diseases that affect the Ecuadorian population. Various associations have been found between both diseases described above, proving that there is a significant alteration of innate immunity in the sick individual, making him more susceptible to contracting infectious diseases. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Tuberculosis in patients with Chronic Renal Failure at the Hospital General del Norte Los Ceibos in the period 2020-2022. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. A universe of 3,000 people was selected, a population of 750 and a sample of 255. Data such as gender, age, weight, BMI, clinical manifestations, history of tuberculosis, diagnostic methods and stage of chronic renal failure were studied through the application of the MDRD formula. Results: A higher prevalence was recorded in the male gender (63.14%) with an average age of 69.53 and weight of 69.82, being patients with obesity the most affected (41.57%). The most common clinical manifestations were cough (65.10%), expectoration 101 (39.61%), night sweats (77.64%), hemoptysis (78.43%), weight loss (86.67%) Finally, 225 patients (88.24%) presented fatigue. 94.51% had a history of tuberculosis. 90.60% underwent bacilloscopy while 100% underwent a chest X-ray. The most frequent tuberculosis was pulmonary (93.33%). The CRF stage in which tuberculosis infection occurred most frequently was “Stage 3A” (37.64%). Conclusions: The association between both diseases is more frequent in male patients with an average age of 69 years, weighing 69 kilograms and being overweight. The most common clinical manifestations in this population are cough, followed by hemoptysis and finally expectoration. The most frequent type of tuberculosis in patients with chronic renal failure is pulmonary tuberculosis. It is established that stage 3A of chronic renal failure is the most common in this group.