Diabetes mellitus como factor asociado a demencia vascular en pacientes mayores de 60 años del Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón de enero a diciembre 2015-2022.

Abstract

Neurocognitive impairment is described, according to DSM-V, as a progressive alteration of cognitive processing, which is classified into minor disorder, with partial limitation of autonomy, and major disorder, with total dependence, previously known as dementia. Currently, there is an increasing incidence of vascular dementia, related to the development of chronic degenerative diseases, with type 2 diabetes mellitus being one of the most prevalent, representing a greater apparent risk to the population. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytic study on the population of patients diagnosed with vascular dementia at Abel Gilbert Ponton Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022. Results: Population of 132 individuals with vascular dementia, with an average age of 76 years (SD 12), and a female predominance (60%). The main manifestations were, history of ischemic stroke in 46% of the cases, memory disorders in 66% of the population, followed by behavioral disorders in 39%, and sleep disturbances in 24%. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was present in 26.5% of cases (10% were isolated T2DM and 16.5 % of the total cases was associated with hypertension). The average blood glucose level was 168 mg/dl (SD 50.52). There were no significant differences in sex and age regarding isolated T2DM, while T2DM associated with HT had worse glycemic control (196 mg/dl) with early onset of dementia diagnosis, compared to the rest of the population. Sleep disturbances were less prevalent among the two groups of patients affected by T2DM. Conclusions: Isolated T2DM does not present a significant risk in the onset of early vascular dementia. However, there is a significant association when presents in conjunction with hypertension. Large vessels cerebral disease was predominant in people with type 2 diabetes, while mixed cerebral vascular disease was when in combination Diabetes and Hypertension.