Enfoque clínico estomatológico de las enfermedades autoinmunes diagnosticadas en el Centro de Piel Dr. Úraga.

Abstract

Introduction: Autoimmune diseases, characterized by the immune system's attack on self-cells and tissues, present with chronic inflammation. Oral signs are often the first sign of these diseases, being the oral cavity the predominant site of mucosal involvement. Objective: To evaluate and determine the most prevalent autoimmune diseases in the stomatognathic apparatus diagnosed in the Dr. Úraga skin center. Materials and methods: observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study (2013-2017), descriptive type, with quantitative approach. Sixty-one clinical histories of patients older than 18 years diagnosed with autoimmune diseases and confirmatory examination were included. Results: A total of 61 patients with autoimmune diseases were analyzed, this represent the 34.1% of all diseases diagnosed in this institution. The average age was 55 years, 49.2% belonging to the group of older adults. There was a prevalence of female gender (75.41%). The most diagnosed diseases were Sjögren's syndrome (28.9%), oral lichen (27.5%) and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (23.2%). There was a high prevalence of Sjögren's syndrome in women (39.1%). Erosions were present in 38.1% of cases. Corticosteroids were prescribed in 41.3% of patients. Dermopathies were not present in 98.39% of patients. Conclusion: A predisposition to these diseases is observed in women, as well as in patients over 61 years of age. The importance of early and adequate intervention by dentists to prevent possible complications is emphasized.