Frecuencia de la enfermedad renal aguda (prerenal) en paciente que acude a la emergencia del Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo.

Abstract

Prerenal acute kidney disease is a medical condition characterized by a rapid loss of kidney function in a short period of time, usually within hours or days. Objective: Determine the frequency of acute kidney disease (prerenal) in patients who come to the emergency room of a hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. Methodology: quantitative, descriptive, transversal, retrospective approach. the Technique: Indirect observation. Instrument: Observation matrix. Population and sample: 186 patients with a diagnosis of prerenal acute kidney disease. Results: Regarding demographic characteristics, men represented 71%, while women represented 29%. In age between 60 and 70 years 66%, followed by 50 to 60 years, with 24% and finally from 40 to 50 years 10%. The most common clinical manifestations present in the cases, oliguria represented 87%, followed by arterial hypotension 90%, anuria 48%, uremia 24%, general edema 12% and syncope 11%. Regarding the causes, hypovolemia represented 78%, followed by dehydration 42%, renal hypoperfusion 35%, burns 20%, renal artery obstruction 10% and NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) 6%. The most common complications were congestive heart failure in 65%, followed by multiple organ failure in 47%, respiratory distress in 36%, metabolic acidosis in 29%, uremic syndrome in 17%, cardiac arrhythmia in 13% and sudden death in 6%. Conclusion: The frequency of prerenal acute kidney disease in 2021 was high at 53%.