Caracterización de la rinitis alérgica en pacientes pediátricos entre los 2 años y 17 años, atendidos en la consulta externa de alergología del Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde durante el periodo enero de 2020 hasta enero de 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease mediated by IgE, it presents with nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing and/or nasal itching. The importance of this study lies in knowing the characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis and the most common allergenic agents, which allow for early diagnosis and timely treatment. Objective: To characterize allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients from 2 to 17 years of age, treated at the Allergology Outpatient Clinic of the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital, from January 2020 to January 2022. Methodology: A descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional investigation was carried out. Population and sample: 817 pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis. The information was obtained from clinical records. Variables such as demographic characteristics were analyzed: age, sex, origin, type and severity of allergic rhinitis, risk factors, antibody dosage and associated allergic disease. For statistical analysis, the SPSSv25.0 program was used. Results: Male sex (n=500; 61.2%), age (6-11 years) (n=379; 46.4%). Comorbidities: asthma (n=290; 35.5%), atopic dermatitis (n=176; 21.5%), atopic conjunctivitis (n=63; 7.7%). Type of rhinitis: persistent (n=541; 66.2%), intermittent (n=276; 33.8%), mild (732; 89.6%), moderate (n=31; 3.8%), severe (n=54; 6.6%). Allergens: D. farinae (92.5%), D.pteronyssinus (87.6%), B.tropicalis (73.2%), dog hair (53.4%), cat hair (45.8% ), cockroach (42.2%), egg (26.9%), cow's milk (n=24.6%) and P.pratense (12.9%). Age, frequency, and severity of symptoms were associated with positivity to these allergens (p<0.05). Conclusions: The findings of this investigation had some agreement with the reports found on the clinical, epidemiological profile and reactivity to allergens of pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis, at a regional or global level.