Factores asociados al desarrollo de aneurisma de aorta abdominal en pacientes adultos con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, valorados por el servicio de cirugía vascular en el Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón” durante el periodo 2014 - 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a silent pathology that affects the arterial wall and has three important characteristics: abdominal aortic diameter ≥ 3 cm, maximum aortic diameter > 50% of the suprarenal and involvement of all three layers of the aorta. Risk factors for AAA play a predominant role in its development, including male sex, age over 50 years, smoking, cardiovascular diseases, among others. Classifications based on the location and diameter of AAA allow for therapeutic plans. Objective: To determine the risk factors for AAA development in adult patients with arterial hypertension, evaluated by the vascular surgery department at Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón" during the period 2014-2022. Materials and methods: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted by reviewing medical records documented in the "HOSVITAL" system of patients with AAA and arterial hypertension (AHT) evaluated by the vascular surgery department at "Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón Specialties Hospital" during the period 2014-2022. Results: Our sample consisted of 84 patients, of whom 63.1% were between the ages of 60 and 79, predominantly male at 66.67%, and with a 50% overweight condition. Among the patients, 41.41% had no risk factors, followed by smoking at 31.31%. Regarding the size of AAA, giants (41.67%) and mediums (38.1%) predominated, while in terms of location, infrarenal (58.33%) and suprarenal (35.71%) were the most common. In this population, 78.57% did not experience complications, and the mortality rate was 9.52%. The relationship between risk factors and surgical intervention was x² = 9.31, p = 0.002, while mortality with AHT treatment was x² = 3.33, p = 0.06. Conclusions: Risk factors influencing AAA development include age over 60 years, male sex, and tobacco consumption. The presence of at least one risk factor indicates the need for urgent surgical intervention. The use of antihypertensive medication does not reduce AAA mortality.