Identificación de las alteraciones electrocardiográficas en la fase aguda del accidente cerebrovascular en pacientes mayores a 45 años del “Hospital Abel Gilbert Pontón” del 2021-2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) generates an inflammatory reaction not only locally but also in a generalized way, in which, the heart is affected, causing what is known as Stroke Heart Syndrome (Stroke-heart), which consists of cardiovascular complications following stroke within the first 72 hours. The aim of this study was to identify electrocardiographic alterations during the acute phase of ischemic stroke in patients over 45 years of age at the Abel Gilbert Pontón Hospital in the period 2021-2022. Methodology: A retrospective, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 181 patients who met the inclusion criteria was carried out by inspecting the medical records of the hospital's admissions system. Results: Of the 181 patients included in the study, 55.2% were men. Their mean age was 68 years. Arterial hypertension was present in 87.8% of the patients. Electrocardiographic alterations were present in 50.3% of the patients, where rhythm disorders were the most prevalent with 20.6% (atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia) and repolarization disorders 19.4% (inverted T waves). The most common etiology was atherosclerosis (57.5%). The most affected vascular territory was the middle cerebral artery (74.4%), and the left hemisphere (48.6%). On the NIHSS scale, 40.6% corresponded to moderate infarcts. According to RAKIN with a score of 4, 37.8%. A significant association was found in terms of mortality in patients who presented ventricular tachycardia (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The prevalence of electrocardiographic alterations after cerebral infarction was in half of the population. Rhythm disturbances were the most common followed by repolarization disturbances, of which, in bivariate analysis, ventricular tachycardia was significantly associated with mortality. These complications should be addressed by a multidisciplinary team of neurologists and cardiologists to reduce patient morbidity and mortality.