Prevalencia de defectos del cierre orofacial en población pediátrica del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Ceibos durante el periodo 2017-2022.

Abstract

Background: The most common orofacial closure defects are cleft lip and cleft palate, which are congenital malformations of multifactorial origin. In Ecuador, they are the most frequent facial and cranial malformations, with a prevalence of 1.5 per thousand live births. Individuals require multidisciplinary management and various surgical procedures throughout their lives. Objective: To determine the prevalence of orofacial closure defects in newborn patients at the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Ceibos during 2017-2022. Methodology: Observational, retrospective, crosssectional, and descriptive study in newborns with a diagnosis of cleft lip and cleft palate at the General Hospital of Northern Guayaquil IESS Ceibos during 2017-2022. Results: Out of the 116 individuals studied, 55% were male (n=64). Unilateral laterality accounted for 66% (n=76). Moderate severity was observed in 55% (n=64) of cases. The most commonly used ICD-10 code was Q369, representing 19% (n=22). The age group 28-37 years accounted for 60.3% (n=70). The average prevalence of cleft lip (5.05 per 1,000 N.B), cleft palate (5.96 per 1,000 N.B), and both phenotypes considered as a single entity (7.51 per 1,000 N.B). Conclusion: Orofacial closure defects have demonstrated a very high prevalence at the IESS Ceibos Hospital, occurring predominantly in females, in mothers aged 28 to 37 years, with a moderate severity level, and with a combined expression of cleft lip and cleft palate.