Prevalencia de factores desencadenantes comunes de las crisis asmáticas en pacientes pediátricos entre 5 a 10 años, atendidos en la emergencia en el Hospital IESS Los Ceibos durante el periodo 2020-2021.

Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases in the world, with the pediatric population being one of the most affected. According to the WHO, it recognizes that asthma has a low fatality rate compared to other chronic diseases in Ecuador. About 11% of people suffer from asthma. Objective: Determine the prevalence of the most common triggering factors of asthma attacks in pediatric patients between 5 and 10 years of age, treated in the emergency room at the IESS Los Ceibos Hospital during the period 2020-2021. Material and methods: This research is qualitative, with data collection, analysis and interpretation of the results, non-experimental design that was applied to 261 pediatric patients between 5 and 10 years old treated in the emergency room at the IESS Los Ceibos Hospital during the period 2020-2021. Results: The results of the investigation on the triggering factors indicated that 24.5% of the patients were 6 years old, this being the largest group, followed by 5-year-old patients, who represented 21.2% of the total. Regarding gender, it was observed that the majority of patients were men, with a percentage of 55.6%. Regarding the triggering factors, it was highlighted that environmental allergens were the most prevalent factor, with 54.3%. Climatic elements also showed significant relevance, contributing 21.9%. Third, viral infections played an important role, accounting for 17.9% of cases. When analyzing the severity of the disease, it was found that the moderate severity category was the most common, with a percentage of 46.4%, followed by severe severity, which affected 33.1% of patients. Conclusion: Through this study, it was evident that asthma attacks treated in the emergency room were more prevalent in pediatric male patients 6 years of age exposed to various environmental factors such as allergens, environmental factors and viral infections.