Prevalencia de anemia aplásica en mayores de 18 años. Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo. 2020 – 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Aplastic anemia, a medical condition characterized by a significant reduction in the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the bone marrow, has a low prevalence in the general population. For its diagnosis, the reticulocyte index, a marker that indicates the amount of young red blood cells in the blood, plays a crucial role. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of aplastic anemia and the relationship between the reticulocyte index and its prognosis. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective quantitative study that will be conducted on patients diagnosed with aplastic anemia who are older than 18 years at the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialties Hospital. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics through frequencies and percentages. Results: The population consists of 124 patients, with an average age of 53 years. 48.10% of the patients were male, while 51.90% were female. Out of 100% of the study's patients, 37.98% reported hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dL, while 62.02% had values higher than this at the time of diagnosis. Regarding the reticulocyte index, 64.56% of the patients had a reticulocyte index lower than 2, while the remaining 35.44% had values higher than this figure. It was found that 82.28% of the patients are alive at the time of the research, while 17.22% have passed away. Conclusions: Aplastic anemia is a rare disease in which the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells. The treatment of aplastic anemia requires interdisciplinary collaboration between hematologists, transplant specialists, and other healthcare professionals.