Relación entre la hernia discal lumbar con escoliosis en pacientes mayores de 40 años evaluados por el servicio de traumatología del Hospital Alcívar desde el año 2019 a 2022.

Abstract

Degenerative disc disease and de novo scoliosis affect the structural support of the spine. They manifest with repetitive and persistent painful symptoms that can significantly reduce the patient's quality of life and functionality. Objective: Determine if there is a relationship between the presence of degenerative scoliosis and lumbar disc herniation in patients over 40 years of age treated by the Traumatology and Orthopedics service of the Alcívar Hospital. Methodology: Descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical study during the period 2019-2022. Results: The prevalence of lumbar disc herniation and de novo scoliosis was 99.4% and 7.2%, respectively. They affect mainly males with an average age of 56.8 years. Protrusions were the main MRI finding (99.4%), mainly affecting the L4-L5 level (54.6%), followed by the L5-S1 disc (26.9%). Regarding adult scoliosis, it presented as levoscoliosis in 6% of patients. Conclusions: No statistically significant relationship was demonstrated (p=0.78) between the presence of lumbar disc herniation and adult degenerative scoliosis; however, associated risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and smoking must be taken into account. Therapeutic measures should be aimed to balance and relief of mechanical and neurological pain, without forgetting that these improvements may be lost in the medium or long term, due to the extension of degenerative changes to adjacent levels or new neurological symptoms.