Prevalencia de histoplasmosis en pacientes con VIH/SIDA en el Hospital de Infectología Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña en el periodo de 2018 – 2021.

Abstract

Histoplasmosis is an infectious fungal disease that is produced by inhaling the spores of a saprophytic fungus called histoplasma capsulatum, which is an opportunistic agent that, due to its overgrowth and virulence factors, attacks the immune system of seropositive patients who are already infected. in immunosuppression, in such a way that all patients with HIV/AIDS have CD4 T lymphocytes less than 200 cells/ul and a viral load greater than 100,000 copies, that is to say that the organism is vulnerable to any opportunistic infection, especially histoplasmosis. General Objective: To determine the prevalence of histoplasmosis in patients with HIV/AIDS at the Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña Infectology Hospital in the period 2018-2021. Methodology: This is an observational, analytical study, with a retrospective approach, that is, with quantitative, qualitative and descriptive analysis of the data. To analyze the data, a database provided by the Statistics Department of the Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez Maridueña Hospital for Infectious Diseases was used as a source of information. The sample of 497 patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS plus histoplasmosis in the period 2018 - 2021 was chosen. Results: an observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study of 497 patients was carried out during the period 2018 - 2021; 68% of the sample was represented by the age groups between 20 and 39 years, 84% was predominantly male, with 58% of the cases living in urban areas, with 35% of cases in patients with predominant viral load in (500,001 to 1,000,000), the same ones that consisted of 49% of CD4 T lymphocytes between (0-49) cells, 72% with the clinical form of pulmonary histoplasmosis, and it was obtained that 32% of cases of these HIV/AIDS patients with histoplasmosis were mostly related to the opportunistic concomitant disease that is tuberculosis. Conclusions: the prevalence in HIV/AIDS patients plus histoplasmosis, according to the results of this study, it can be determined that the appearance of this opportunistic disease is also due to the significant deterioration of the immune system so that the organism's susceptibility to infections exists, since the majority consisted of CD4 T lymphocytes less than 100 mm3 cells and their viral loads exceeded 500,000 units.