Prevalencia del grado de hiponatremia en pacientes con cirrosis hepática ingresados en el área de gastroenterología en el Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil Los Ceibos en el período de enero 2021 a junio 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Hyponatremia is a hydroelectrolytic alteration that is defined as a serum sodium concentration lower than 135 mEq/L or 135 mmol/L, being the most frequent electrolyte imbalance in clinical practice; in patients with cirrhosis, hyponatremia is considered when the serum sodium is less than 130 mEq/L. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of grading of hyponatremia in patients with Liver Cirrhosis admitted to the Gastroenterology area at the Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos in the period from January 2021 to June 2022. Methodology: The study was observational, of retrospective, transversal, descriptive character; A sample of 111 patients whose information was obtained from medical records was analyzed. Results: The predominance of the female sex (50.5%) was identified, as well as the ages between 51 and 70 years (64.9%); 63.1% used diuretics and 72.1% maintained a hospital stay of 1 to 15 days. It was also identified that mild hyponatremia had a prevalence of 23.7%, moderate hyponatremia with a rate of 10.1%, and severe hyponatremia with a rate of 1.3%. Regarding comorbidities, cancer was the only one that was related to the grade of hyponatremia (sig. 0.049 < 0.05), being mostly located at the moderate level. Most of the patients presented decompensated cirrhosis (80.2%), where 51.4% were in the degree of mild hyponatremia. On the other hand, HDA was the only complication that was related to the grade of hyponatremia (sig. 0.032 < 0.05), highlighting 23.4% with mild hyponatremia. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis at a general level was 35.1%.