Efectividad del sulfato de magnesio para el tratamiento de crisis asmática severa en pacientes de 1 a 14 años en el área de emergencias del servicio de Pediatría del Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos durante el periodo 2020-2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Severe asthma attacks are considered the most frequent medical emergency in Pediatrics, representing 5% of the reasons for consultation. About 15% of patients require hospital admission and it is estimated that asthma exacerbations represent more than 80% of the direct values linked to asthma (1). Objectives: Determine the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate for the treatment of severe asthma attacks in patients aged 1 to 14 years in the emergency area of the pediatric service of the General Hospital of the North of Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos during the period 2020- 2022. Methodology: Observational, retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study involving patients with severe asthma attacks treated in the emergency area of the Pediatrics service. Results: Of 137 patients with severe asthma attacks, 36 only had conventional initial therapy according to the GINA 2023 guideline, for the other 101 patients, in addition to the indicated therapy, IV magnesium sulfate was included. 76 male and 61 female patients were identified. The magnesium sulfate group showed improvement in clinical parameters of heart rate from 135 beats per minute (bpm) to 97 bpm (p=0.0007), respiratory rate from 45 rpm to 21 rpm (p=0.0003), and oxygen saturation from 89 % to 98% (p=0.0002). The days of hospital stay in the emergency area were shorter in the magnesium sulfate group <4 days (p=0.009). The average age was 5 years. The most frequent age group with severe asthma attacks was 1 to 5 years old, within this group the most frequent age was 2 years, with 23 patients. Conclusion: It was determined that in the patients who were administered magnesium sulfate there was improvement in clinical parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, therefore, the number of days spent in the treatment area decreased. emergencies. No association was shown between sex and the use of magnesium sulfate.