Prevalencia de sarcoma de Kaposi en pacientes diagnosticados con VIH/SIDA de edad adulta en el Hospital de Especialidades Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2019 – 2023.

Abstract

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal angioproliferative tumor affecting cells lining blood vessels and lymphatics, significantly associated with immunosuppression caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. Objective: Analyze the prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-positive adult patients who attend the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital in the period 2019-2023. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical investigation was carried out, in which the clinical histories were reviewed from database provided by the statistics department of the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital, during the period from January 1, 2019 to May 31, 2023. Results: 122 patients were analyzed, 120 (98.4%) are men and 2 (1.6%) are women. The most frequent clinical presentation of Kaposi's sarcoma was cutaneous sarcoma with 88.5%. The most frequent range of T lymphocyte levels is less than 200 cells/mm3 with 40.2%. And the viral load range of the patients that repeated the most was the undetectable load - less than 40 (copies/ml) with 72.1%. Regarding mortality, the most frequent were the living patients with 85.2%. Conclusion: The prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma in patients diagnosed with HIV was 5.98% during the period 2019-2023. It was found that the relationship between the levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the appearance of Kaposi's sarcoma was directly proportional, which confirms the influence of immunity in the development of this type of disease.