Prevalencia de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en pacientes adultos en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el periodo 2020 – 2022.

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two main intestinal disorders: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the mucosal layer of the colon, affecting continuous and proximal parts of it. Crohn's disease, on the other hand, causes transmural inflammation that affects isolated patches of tissue, leading to fibrosis and stenosis, as well as microperforations and the formation of fistulas. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in adult patients at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during the period 2020 – 2022. It was an observational, crosssectional, retrospective, and descriptive study. There was a higher prevalence of ulcerative colitis (88.73%) compared to Crohn's disease (11.26%). The female gender predominated in both groups. The mean age was 48.60 years. Inflammatory bowel disease was more common in adults aged 36 to 64 years. It was found that the majority of patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease did not consume NSAIDs or tobacco. However, there was no statistically significant association between gender, age, NSAID or smoking consumption, and the type of IBD. Regarding the clinical picture, the predominant symptoms were diarrhea, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal bleeding. The prevalence of IBD at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital was 3.31%. For future research, it is suggested to consider longitudinal studies and evaluate other risk factors. Additionally, evaluating the quality of life of patients and increasing the study's representativeness through multicenter collaboration is recommended.