Prevalencia de hemorragia digestiva alta en pacientes con tratamiento anticoagulante en el hospital IESS Ceibos de enero 2021 a diciembre 2022.

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the complications that can affect patients who have been treated with anticoagulants for some pre- existing pathology. Its prevalence worldwide is 50-150 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants per year and it can occur in any area. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis can only be made based on the totality of the symptoms. Objective: Determine the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding attributed to anticoagulant treatment in patients who attended the IESS Los Ceibos Hospital during January 2021 to December 2022. Methodology: The research was developed under a retrospective, transversal and analytical observational design; regarding its scope, we worked with a type of descriptive and correlational study, while the method was based on the analyticalsynthetic one. We worked with a sample made up of 63 patients who were treated in the Gastroenterology area for cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, in which case their medical records were reviewed for subsequent statistical processing of the data. Results: The results of the research reflected that in the cases of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding attributed to treatment with anticoagulants, a higher prevalence of patients with major bleeding was recorded (60.3%), and it was also identified that the majority of patients belonged to an age group of 61 or older (58.7%) and 55.56% are female; The main risk factors attributed to complications were gastritis and chronic renal failure; Finally, it was determined that warfarin treatment affected 68.3% of the cases of patients who developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusions: It was determined that gastritis constitutes the main risk factor for the development of complications, while the use of warfarin and heparin predisposes patients to a greater extent to the development of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.