Prevalencia de asma bronquial en pacientes pediátricos en el Hospital Francisco Icaza de Bustamante en el periodo 2021-2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is a long-term condition that causes inflammation in the air passages, in which different cells and inflammatory agents are involved in its development. It is influenced in part by genetic factors and manifests itself through recurrent episodes of an exaggerated reaction of the bronchial pathways and a variable blockage of the airflow, which can be partially or totally reversed, either through drug treatments or naturally. Main objective: To estimate the prevalence of bronchial asthma in pediatric patients at the Francisco Icaza de Bustamante Hospital in the period 2021- 2022. Methodogy: Descriptive epidemiological study of prevalence, descriptive cross-sectional, retrospective, observational. Outcomes: A total of 133 medical records were included in the study. Of these, almost 60% corresponded to male patients. The vast majority (90%) of the patients were Ecuadorian. Of the foreign patients, ten of the eleven reported were from Venezuela; while only one patient was from Colombia. The mean age of the patients was 4.74 years (SD: 2.8) with a range between 8 months and 13 years. The most frequent age group was 1 to 4 years followed by those between 5 and 9 years. The vast majority of patients resided in the province of Guayas and almost half (43%) were exposed to cigarette smoke. All these data are presented in table 1. All patients were treated with the same scheme that included: long-acting beta agonists and inhaled corticosteroids. Discussion: The total number of patients who required hospitalization for bronchial asthma was evaluated, where all the subjects of study needed hospitalization for bronchial asthma, where they had an estimated recovery time of 7 to 12 days treated in the same way where certain studies such as SYGMA 1 and 2, and Novel Start (62) highlight that the use of LABA and inhaled corticosteroid may be linked to relapses in the clinical picture of patients as well as a longer recovery time.