Propuesta metodológica para la aplicación de NIIF 9 en las cuentas incobrables en empresas de consumo masivo de la ciudad de Guayaquil.

Abstract

The implementation of IFRS 9 in January 2018 brought significant changes to the valuation and classification of financial assets, as well as hedge accounting. The standard replaced IAS 39 and introduced a new approach, particularly regarding the impairment of financial assets. IFRS 9 adopts the expected loss model, implicitly considering the probability of default from the inception of each financial asset, in contrast to the incurred loss model of IAS 39. The standard aims for entities to anticipate credit risk events, covering potential losses before their occurrence. Management under IFRS 9 involves shifts in commercial strategy and planning approaches, adapting to anticipated losses. However, challenges arise, particularly in defining performance tests, as the standard lacks clear tools, leading to discrepancies in evaluating aspects such as default probability and recovery rates. In practice, the general impairment model under IFRS 9 is divided into three phases, depending on the credit risk of the financial asset. Transitioning between these phases can be complex, and assessing a significant increase in credit risk relies on qualitative and quantitative criteria. This may result in situations where provisioning assets, such as microcredits, poses difficulties. The need to reach a consensus on criteria and overcome technical and technological obstacles emphasizes the complexity in the practical application of the standard.