Características histopatológicas de las lesiones orales asociadas al Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH) de alto y bajo riesgo en el laboratorio de patología Dr. Gustavo Rubio Coronel.

Abstract

Introduction: Oral lesions generated by the genotypes of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) have macroscopic characteristics that favor their diagnosis, such as their coloration according to the degree of keratinization of the affected mucosa. On the other hand, among the histopathological characteristics, hyperkeratosis, dysplasia, or irregular epithelial stratification are frequently observed. Objective: Determine the histopathological characteristics of oral lesions associated with high and low risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) from the Dr. Gustavo Rubio Coronel pathology laboratory. Materials and methods: The present research work is retrospective, cross-sectional, with a descriptive, non-experimental design, from which a universe of 95 histopathological examinations was obtained, and a sample of 50 patients who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The sex with the highest prevalence of suffering from HPV is male, with benign lesions predominating. Among the most identified genotypes, low-risk HPV 6 and high-risk HPV 45 were found; and the most frequent pathologies were diagnosed mainly as papilloma, squamous papilloma, condyloma acuminata and squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion: The histopathological characteristics of the oral lesions associated with HPV with respect to the low-risk genotypes were papillary projections of epithelial cells with thickened parakeratin, spiny cells with a central nucleus made up of fibrous tissue with vascular structures, angiogenesis, while the high-risk genotypes Risk was represented by the neoplastic proliferation of hyperchromatic, pleomorphic, anaplastic nuclei with irregularly distributed chromatin.