Prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal en relación a factores sociodemográficos.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study conducted among patients attending the dental clinic of UCSG. The sample size was 92 patients. A survey was conducted with each patient regarding sociodemographic factors of interest. Diagnosis of their periodontal condition was obtained from their Clinical Records. Results: Biofilm-induced gingivitis in reduced periodontium was the most prevalent periodontal condition (22.8%), followed by generalized stage II grade B periodontitis (14.2%). The age and gender of the participants had a significant association with periodontal disease (X2 = 55.325, df = 30, p = 0.003; X2 = 29.729, df = 15, p = 0.013). The formal education level showed a significant negative correlation with periodontal disease (-0.088, p = 0.201), indicating that as the level of formal education increases, the prevalence of periodontal disease tends to decrease. However, in the regression model, it was not a significant predictor (-2.361, p = 0.623). Conclusions: Age and gender emerged as relevant variables associated with periodontal disease, where a greater distribution and prevalence of different types of periodontal disease were observed. The group of female participants and those in the age range of 51 to 80 years showed greater variability in periodontal conditions.