Factores asociados a bronquiolitis aguda grave por virus sincitial respiratorio en niños menores de 2 años de edad, ingresados en el Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde en el período 2019-2022.

Abstract

Acute bronchiolitis represents the first cause of respiratory involvement in children under 24 months of age, characterized by the presence of wheezing preceded by a catarrhal condition. His evolution is usually good; However, this evolution can progress unfavorably, even reaching acute respiratory failure. Objective: Identify the factors associated with severe bronchiolitis in a cohort of patients under 24 months of age treated at a Hospital in Guayaquil – Ecuador. Methods: 369 patients younger than 24 months with a diagnosis of BA due to RSV, treated at the Dr. Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Children's Hospital in the period from January 2019 to December 2022, were included; It was analyzed in qualitative and quantitative variables to determine p values (probability value) and odds ratio (measure of association). Results: Of all the patients in the study, it was determined that 40% were identified as cases and 60% as controls (2:1 ratio). Regarding the qualitative variables, the sex variable represented the majority in terms of frequency with a slightly increased OR, which suggests greater risk in relation to the female sex; however, it is not statistically significant (p = 0.66635). The oxygen requirement at birth was significant, with a 95% confidence level p = 0.065) and OR 1.71. The severity of respiratory distress generated an OR of 21.6, with a p value = 0.00000, being very significant.