Nivel de hemoglobina y su relación con el estado nutricional y nivel socioeconómico en niños de etapa preescolar y escolar en la Fundación Huerto de los Olivos de la ciudad de Guayaquil durante el periodo de mayo - diciembre del 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia affects all stages of life, the most susceptible population is children, a stage that requires meeting high iron and nutrient requirements for growth and development. Objective: Determine the level of hemoglobin and its relationship with the nutritional status and socioeconomic level in preschool and school children at the Huerto de los Olivos Foundation in the city of Guayaquil during the period of May - December 2023. Materials and methods: Descriptive correlational, non-experimental study with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. The sample was 93 children with an age range between 4 and 10 years; clinical history, validated surveys, questionnaires and anthropometric tools were carried out. The data were collected personally from the child's representative. For the statistical analysis, Microsoft® Excel, Jamovi version 2.4.11 and IBM SPSS Software version 27 were used. Results: In P/E, 72.04% were found to be normal and 27.96% had malnutrition. For T/E, 10.75% were observed to have short stature and 1.08% had severe short stature. In BMI/E, normal weight 66.77% and malnutrition 33.34%. Eating habits, 74.20% have a diet that needs changes. Hemoglobin level, 50.50% do not present anemia and 49.00% present anemia. Socioeconomic level, the lower middle level predominates (65.59%). Conclusions: The hemoglobin level is not related to nutritional status or socioeconomic level, P value > 0.05. Followup should be carried out regardless of nutritional status; because it is not always a good indicator of anemia.