Estudio comparativo : lesiones de vísceras sólidas, de hígado y bazo en trauma penetrante de abdomen en pacientes mayores de 18 años atendidos en el Hospital General Guasmo Sur, en el período 2022 – 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: Abdominal trauma refers to the injury that occurs in an anatomical area of the abdominal region, which is affected by a violent force, resulting in injuries of varying magnitude and severity within the abdominal cavity, whether in the structures themselves or in the visceral content, or both, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, which represents a medical emergency that requires rapid and precise evaluation and management. This comparative study focuses on injuries to solid viscera such as the liver and spleen in cases of penetrating abdominal trauma. The mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of these injuries are analyzed. Objective: Compare frequency according to sex, associated injuries, surgical interventions, hemodynamics and number of live and deceased discharges from solid viscera, liver and spleen injuries in penetrating abdominal trauma in patients over 18 years of age treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital, in the period 2022 – 2023. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study based on the clinical records of patients with injuries to solid viscera, liver and spleen in penetrating abdominal trauma in patients over 18 years of age treated at the Guasmo Sur General Hospital, in the period 2022 - 2023. Results: A total of 60 cases are presented, obtained from the clinical records belonging to the database mentioned above. It can be seen that, of the 60 patients studied during both years, a higher incidence of liver trauma was observed, representing 50% of the cases. Splenic trauma also shows a significant result, with a percentage of 47%. There were 4 patients with trauma to both organs, both liver and spleen, in 7% of the cases. These findings indicate that liver trauma continues to be the most common injury among the patients studied. Conclusions: The results of this comparative study of solid viscera injuries of the liver and spleen in penetrating abdominal trauma provide a comprehensive perspective on the clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with each type of injury.