Bacterias Gramnegativas intrahospitalarias que influyen en las complicaciones de herida de pie diabético en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí durante el periodo enero 2022 a octubre 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: The presence of gram-positive or gram-negative pathogens causes severe infection complicating the clinical picture of diabetic foot, resulting in the presence of frank pus, erythema, fever, leukocytosis, or even progressing to septicemia. Objectives: The study aims to determine infectious complications in diabetic foot wounds caused by the presence of intrahospital gram-negative bacteria. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional investigation with correlational and descriptive data analysis to determine intrahospital gram-negative bacteria influencing complications in diabetic foot wounds at Monte Sinai General Hospital during the period from January 2022 to October 2023. All patients meeting the research criteria were sampled, resulting in a sample size of 145 patients. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22 software. Chi-square test was performed to establish the relevance of the obtained data. Results: 76.6% corresponded to confirmed cases of gram- negative bacteria. Pseudomonas Spp (40.7%) was evidenced as the most common pathogen reported in the database. Regarding clinical manifestations, fever (90.4%) was observed as a complication of diabetic foot wound infection by gram-negative bacteria. 76.6% reported poor adherence to long-term treatment. It was evidenced that the male sex had the highest percentage (65.5%) compared to the female sex. Regarding age, it was demonstrated that patients >65 years old suffer from these complications. Conclusions: Infection by gram-negative bacteria is frequent with a prevalence of Pseudomonas Spp and Klebsiella Spp pathogens. The main clinical manifestations in patients with diabetic foot wound infection are fever and high blood pressure accompanied by leukocytosis and elevated levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. The main demographic and clinical factors concluded to be male sex plus poor adherence to long-term treatment.