Complicaciones frecuentes de la aspiración manual endouterina en embarazadas de 18 a 30 años del Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil en el periodo 2022-2023.

Abstract

Introduction. Spontaneous abortion is the natural loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks. In 1972, manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) was introduced for treatment in the first trimester, also useful for endometrial biopsies and after failed medical evacuations. Globally, the majority of these losses occur in the first quarter, being especially high in low-income regions where unsafe procedures predominate. Aim. Determine the prevalence of complications from manual uterine aspiration in pregnant women aged 18 to 30 years at the University Hospital of Guayaquil in the year 2022-2023. Methodology. Crosssectional, observational, descriptive, retrospective and mixed study that will evaluate existing data on complications of manual uterine aspiration, without seeking causal relationships. Results. At the University Hospital of Guayaquil, the prevalence of post-MVA complications in pregnant women aged 18 to 30 during 2022-2023 was 22.4%. Incomplete evacuations and hemorrhages represented 9.2% and 13.3% respectively. The patients showed trends towards nulliparity (62.2%), without previous cesarean sections (76.5%), but with 1 pregnancy (35.7%) and 1 abortion (27.6%). Complications increased with age, especially in women aged 27 to 30 years (25%). Furthermore, the majority of MVAs are performed in the sixth week (20.4%), but complications are more frequent in the seventh (22.73%). Finally, 21.4% had untreated vaginal infections. Conclusion. Manual vacuum aspiration shows a trend of complications that increase with age, underscoring the need for specialized care and consideration of specific reproductive factors.