Prevalencia de malformaciones genitourinarias de resolución quirúrgica en neonatos del Hospital del Niño Roberto Gilbert en el periodo enero 2021 a enero 2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Genitourinary malformations in neonates represent a significant challenge for public health, affecting between 1 and 2 out of every 1000 births. These conditions can seriously compromise the health and well-being of newborns, causing everything from recurrent infections to renal failure in severe cases. Early detection and proper management are crucial for improving outcomes and the quality of life for these patients. Objectives: The general objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of genitourinary malformations requiring surgical resolution in neonates treated at the Hospital del Niño Roberto Gilbert during the period from January 2021 to January 2022. The specific objectives included identifying the most frequent types of these malformations, determining associated risk factors, and calculating the proportion of neonates who required surgical intervention. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, which included all neonates diagnosed with genitourinary malformations at the mentioned hospital, using data extracted from medical records. Results: It was found that genitourinary malformations constitute a significant proportion of surgical interventions in neonates, with obstructions of the ureteropelvic junction and hypospadias being the most common. Additionally, several significant risk factors were identified, including family history and certain maternal conditions such as diabetes. Conclusions: The research highlights the high prevalence and diversity of genitourinary malformations in neonates, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to their management. It is vital to improve the detection and management protocols for these patients, emphasizing the need for continuous training for medical professionals and the use of advanced surgical techniques to optimize treatment outcomes.