Neumonía en preescolares. Área de observación pediátrica, Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos. 2021 - 2022.

Abstract

Pneumonia is an acute disease that affects lung tissue, producing inflammation, edema, and increased production of secretions. It is classified as community-acquired and nosocomial, there are multiple etiological microorganisms and various treatment schemes. In preschoolers, management is usually outpatient or inpatient, considering risk factors, age, and comorbidities. This work is an observational, descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study of patients between 3-5 years old admitted to the General Hospital of the North of Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos, in the area of Pediatric Observation, in the period 2021-2022. Of the 157 patients, 57% (89 patients) were 3-year-old preschoolers; 82% (128 patients) of those diagnosed with pneumonia were classified as bacterial; 37.5% (59 patients) were admitted to the institution for 8-14 days; Complications occurred in 77% (121 patients), the most frequent being pleural effusion. Pneumonia is the condition that causes the highest number of deaths in infants worldwide, so it is suggested that further multidisciplinary trials be conducted to reduce the mortality rate through timely diagnosis and treatment.