Relación del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria entre neonatos nacidos de madres con diabetes gestacional VERSUS no diabéticas atendidos en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el año 2022-2023.

Abstract

The Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) primarily affects premature newborns and is diagnosed through clinical assessment and maternal history. Gestational diabetes (GDM) is linked to NRDS due to fetal insulin excess, affecting pulmonary surfactant production and fetal lung maturation. Objective: To correlate neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with the presence or absence of maternal history of gestational diabetes. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted at Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Specialties Hospital between 2022 and 2023. Results: The study included 200 neonates (116 from mothers without GDM; 84 with GDM). The most common clinical manifestations were respiratory distress (78.6%) and intercostal retractions (76.2%). Of the total neonates born to mothers with GDM, 39.3% were full-term, while 31.89% of those born to mothers without GDM were moderately preterm. Mortality was 8% (OR=4.163), more common in extreme preterms (60% vs 66.7%). Additionally, 93% of NRDS neonates were born by cesarean section (54% from mothers with GDM vs 39% without GDM). Conclusions: A statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of gestational diabetes and mild NRDS (p=0.004). Likewise, an association was established between neonatal gestational age and gestational diabetes in the development of NRDS (p=0.002). Finally, a significant relationship was observed between maternal history of hypertensive disorder, gestational diabetes, and the presence of mild NRDS in the neonate (p=0.013)