Complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en niños entre 4-10 años atendidos en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante en el periodo 2019-2022.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the complications of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in children aged 4 to 10 years treated at the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Children's Hospital during the period 2019-2022. Methodology: 358 medical records of patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus treated at the HIB (2019-2022) were reviewed. Data collected included: gender, age group, duration of disease, presence of acute complications, and presence of chronic micro/macrovascular complications. Results: Of the 115 patients, 60 were female (52.1%) and 55 were male (47.9%). The most common ages were 10 years old (26.9%) and 9 years old (22.6%). 82.6% presented acute complications and 36.5% presented chronic complications. The presence of complications was studied; 68.6% had diabetic ketoacidosis, 9.5% had hyperglycemic crises, 4.3% had hypoglycemic crises, 31.3% had microalbuminuria, 1 (0.8%) had retinopathy, 2.6% of patients had neuropathy, and 1.8% had peripheral vascular disease. Two frequency peaks are presented at seven years with 19% and at six years with 14.2% for the development of complications. Conclusion: In pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes, acute and chronic complications had a frequency comparable to that found in previous studies, and were identified as more likely in individuals with longer disease duration and older age. It is necessary to suggest approaches that can optimize the management of metabolic health.