Relación entre disnatremias y mortalidad en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en el Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo en el año 2021–2022.

Abstract

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the disruption of normal brain function caused by external forces. Dysnatremias are common in critically ill patients and are associated with unfavorable outcomes. Hydroelectrolytic alterations are frequent in TBI, and the risk of presenting these alterations will depend on the severity of the trauma, underlying diseases, age and therapeutic strategy. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, retrospective analytical study was conducted using information collected from clinical records registered in the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital system of reported cases of patients with TBI and dysnatremias in the period 2021 – 2022. Results: The study included 168 patients, of which 73.8% were male with an average age of 35 years. 19.0% had hypertension. 40.4% of patients had severe traumatic brain injury according to the Glasgow scale. The most frequent sodium alteration was mild hyponatremia found in 8.9% of patients. 8.9% of deceased patients had mild hyponatremia. Severe TBI had a frequency of 40.5% and a mortality rate of 23.3%. Conclusion: The relationship between dysnatremias and mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury is a topic of broad interest due to its clinical repercussions. Despite variations in mortality rates between studies, there is a clear trend towards increased risk of death in patients with dysnatremias.