Frecuencia de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en menores de 5 años, ingresados en el Hospital del Niño Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, periodo 2019-2023.

Abstract

Community-acquired pneumonia is a respiratory disease acquired outside the hospital environment and frequently affects children. The objective of the research was to determine the frequency of community-acquired pneumonia in children under 5 years of age, admitted to the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Bustamante Children's Hospital, period 2019-2023. The methodology was descriptive, quantitative, retrospective and cross-sectional with 100 patients, using observation and the data collection form. Among the results: higher frequency of cases in 2019 with 42.0%; in the demographic variables, age group from 1 to 12 months (47.0%), male sex (57.0%), mestizo ethnicity (99.0%), urban residence (74.0%) and province of Guayas (88.0%); among the risk factors, free birth (57.0%), without disability (86.0%), exclusive breastfeeding for up to six months (99.0%), age-appropriate excision (84.0%) and registration complete vaccination (74.0%); in the radiological manifestations and other diagnostic parameters, the right parahilar infiltrate (25.0%) as the main manifestation and in other parameters pulse oximetry of 90 to 93% (37.0%), oxygen supplementation with a 2L cannula (73.0%). %), marker leukocytosis + neutrophilia (96.0%) and did not require thoracentesis (87.0%), and in the relationship of the diagnosis with the etiological agent and treatment scheme, symptoms of cough, fever, respiratory difficulty and intercostal indrawing (58 .0%) without a specified etiological agent (91.0%) and ampicillin + sulbactam was used (29.0%). It was concluded that there is a significant frequency of this pathology in the population under five years of age.