Factores de riesgo relacionados con la insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva en personas mayores a 65 años que se atienden en el Hospital General Monte Sinaí, durante el año 2022-2023.

Abstract

Introduction: CHF is a systemic and progressive disease with a high mortality rate, affecting more than 64.3 million people, with a prevalence of 10 to 30 cases per 1000 per year, and continues to increase due to new treatments of risk factors and concomitant diseases that prolong patients' lives. Objectives: This study seeks to determine the different risk factors related to congestive heart failure in patients over 65 years of age. Characterize patients according to their age. To know the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in this same population and, finally, we seek to determine the stages of congestive heart failure according to the NYHA classification. Materials and methods: The present study is observational, retrospective, cross-sectional and analytical; to determine the risk factors associated with CHF in adults over 65 years of age treated at the Mount Sinaí General Hospital in the year 2022- 2023 where 180 patients met the criteria for the investigation. The statistical analysis is using the IBM SPSS program for Windows. Results: The female sex predominated with 50.6% compared to the male sex with 49.4%. 87.2% of patients with CHF over 65 years of age had high blood pressure as the main factor, followed by chronic kidney disease 35.6%, diabetes mellitus 29.4% and acute myocardial infarction with 23.3%. According to the NYHA, functional class III represents 56% of patients with CHF. Discussion: This study agrees with Sebastián Peralta and collaborators who estimated that 72% with acute CHF and 66.6% with chronic CHF have HTN. According to Manuel A. Bolaños, systemic HTN is the main risk factor in women, in addition to diabetes and chronic kidney failure being more frequent risk factors in men. Drishti Agarwal in the Emperor-preserved study states that 33% of people who suffer from CHF have Diabetes and CKD. Conclusions: It is essential to early detect people who have risk factors for developing CHF and thus work on the prevention of these comorbidities. Any poorly controlled risk factor increases the risk of developing CHF.